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Researched and Written by Leila Battison
Narrated and Edited by David Kelly
Thumbnail Art and Art by Ettore Mazza
Art by Khail Kupsky
Maps by Adriano Bezerra
If you like our videos, check out Leila’s Youtube channel:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXIk7euOGq6jkptjTzEz5kQ
Music from Epidemic Sound and Artlist, stock footage from Videoblocks.
Image Credits:
Gruinard Island By Kevin Walsh from Oxford, England – https://www.flickr.com/photos/86624586@N00/36190793/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2623790
Isle Royale By Tony Webster from Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States – Lake Superior Shore at Isle Royale National Park, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=84671906
Copper By James St. John – Copper and silver (Mesoproterozoic, 1.05-.1.06 Ga; Isle Royale Number 3 Mine, Houghton County, northern Michigan, USA), CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39951133
By James St. John – Copper crystals (Mesoproterozoic, 1.05-1.06 Ga; Franklin Jr. Mine, Hancock, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA), CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39951107
Laurentian Mountains By Josyan Pierson – http://www.josyan.ca, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=925886
Great Rift Valley By Redgeographics – Map produced from scratch using public domain source data, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=57359214
Amethyst By JJ Harrison (https://jjharrison.com.au/) – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7515666
Great Lakes By Philroc – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=54977685
Eukaryotes By Picturepest – Amöbe mit einverleibtem Rädertierchen – Fokalebene 3, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39165167
Cells Ojima K, Lin Z, de Andrade I, Costa M, Mermelstein C, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Beyeler J, Schnyder I, Katsaros C, Chiquet M, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Eukaryotic cells by Alexander Klepnev, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons
Cyanobacteria Asai H, Iwamori S, Kawai K, Ehira S, Ishihara J, Aihara K, Shoji S, Iwasaki H, CC BY 2.5 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5 via Wikimedia Commons
Red Algae By Dagoberto E. Venera-Pontón, William E. Schmidt and Suzanne Fredericq – [1] doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00652, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=112754576
By Eric Guinther at the English-language Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=188826
By Emoody26 at English Wikipedia, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3455016
Bacteria Fontana C, Lambert A, Benaroudj N, Gasparini D, Gorgette O, Cachet N, Bomchil N, Picardeau M, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 via Wikimedia Commons
Bicellum images By Authors of the study: Paul K. Strother, Martin D. Brasier, David Wacey, Leslie Timpe, Martin Saunders, Charles H. Wellman – https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(21)00424-3, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=105582202
Somerset island By LawrieM – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=63304454
Bangiomorpha images courtesy of Professor Nicholas J Butterfield
Image of Black Sea Wreck courtesy of Dr. Rodrigo Pacheco-Ruiz/Black Sea MAP
Back arc basin By Zyzzy2 at the English-language Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=22037184